Established in 1930 as a sanctuary for migratory birds, Wolf Island National Wildlife Refuge includes Wolf Island (4,519 acres), Egg Island (593 acres), and Little Egg Island (14 acres). All of the refuge has been designated Wilderness. Large expanses of marshes, marshy hammocks, and tidal creeks separate the refuge from the mainland. More than 75 percent of the refuge itself is composed of saltwater marshes where birds hide and feed but do not nest. Scaups, scoters, black ducks, mergansers, and buffleheads are the most commonly seen species. Loggerhead sea turtles and diamondback terrapins have been known to share the wealth.
Although the saltwater regions of the refuge are open to recreational activities consisting primarily of fishing, the marshes, beaches, and uplands are closed entirely to human visitation.