Gaffney is located in Cherokee County, of which it is the county seat. The city is situated between Blacksburg and Cowpens along Interstate 85. Gaffney is located northeast of Spartanburg near the border with North Carolina.
In 1803 Michael Gaffney established a store where two Indian trails crossed, the current intersection of the highways U.S. 29 and S.C. 11. His store flourished and soon a resort hotel was built near Limestone Springs. An iron works was established at Cherokee Ford on the Broad River. The railroad was built in 1873 and the tracks were surveyed, and homes and business built. Gaffney was incorporated in 1857. Gaffney's textile industry was established in 1887 and cotton became the major agricultural crop. There are many historical sites to visit in the Gaffney area and Gaffney is the home of South Carolina Peach Festival.
Gaffney is part of the Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson metro area.