Greenville is located in southwestern Illinois in Bond County (of which it is the county seat) northeast of St Louis and southwest of Vandalia along U.S. Highway 40 north of Interstate 70 about 5 miles south of Governor Bond Lake and 10 miles northwest of Carlyle Lake. The population estimate for July 1, 1998 was 5,456, an increase of 348 since 1990.
Recreation in the area includes shooting a quick round at Twin Oaks Golf Club.
Post-high school education can be obtained at Greenville College, a four-year institution of higher learning.