Established as the first forest reserve in the country in 1891, Shoshone National Forest comprises two and a half million acres in NW Wyoming. Its boundaries extend from Montana and include various parts of the Absaroka-Beartooth Mountain Range and Wind River Mountains. The forest also includes the highest peak in Wyoming, Gannett Peak. Glacial runoff and forest watersheds feed many rivers in the and serve as a major water source for many people in the area.

Back-country hiking, camping, fishing, and trail riding are available in the Fitzpatrick Wilderness, which includes two of Wyoming's highest peaks and the largest glaciers in the nation. Other areas with plenty of options for recreational activities include the Washakie Wilderness, notable for its petrified wood; the Popo Agie Wilderness Area, known for its 200 lakes; and the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness, containing many lakes and granite peaks. Skiing is also available.